Research
This source asks how non-Muslim consumers understand and view takaful in the United Arab Emirates. A Malaysian reader can use its research question to ask clearer product questions; it does not decide today’s eligibility, price or claim outcome.
Sources checked 6 October 2026
Author: Graham Michael Spriggs.
Journal: ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, volume 8, issue 1, June 2016, pages 9–34.
Language: English. e-Marefa records publication on 30 June 2016 and credits the International Shari’ah Research Academy for Islamic Finance as publisher.
The indexed record and reproduced abstract are available. The publisher endpoint could not be retrieved on 6 October 2026. The following research summary is limited to that abstract; a complete reconstruction of the original methods and findings is deferred.
The abstract describes a qualitative phenomenological study using the theory of planned behaviour. It reports unfamiliarity with takaful among the consumers studied and suggests that information about faith-related attributes may influence attitudes. Further research is proposed. This is an attributed abstract summary, not a verified full-paper analysis. Indexed original abstract.
Abstract-level research map; these connections are questions, not measured causal effects.
What is understood about the product?
How might cooperative or religious attributes matter?
A qualitative phenomenological inquiry using the theory of planned behaviour.
The study concerns non-Muslim consumers in the UAE. The indexed abstract describes a qualitative phenomenological inquiry using the theory of planned behaviour to explore knowledge, beliefs and attitudes. The visual is a question map. It does not establish causation, observed purchase rates or a present-day Malaysian finding.
The useful editorial lesson is to separate awareness from an informed choice. Knowing the word “takaful” is different from understanding what a chosen contract pays for. A favourable attitude is also different from an actual purchase or a successful claim. Ask for a plain explanation and the documents behind it; this reading prompt is ours, not a newly discovered result of the paper.
Do not turn this historical UAE study into a percentage describing Malaysians, a statement about every non-Muslim consumer, or proof that religious marketing causes sales. The full text is needed to check recruitment, detailed method, sample, interview wording and fieldwork dates. No such details or participant quotations are asserted here. Abstract scope · Unavailable primary endpoint.
Evidence and context map; newly written reading boundaries.
Author, issue, pages and broad study description can be cited with database attribution.
Recruitment, detailed method, fieldwork dates, quotations and sample are not verified here.
Eligibility, cost, exclusions, surplus and nomination require Malaysian product and legal context.
Available evidence is an indexed bibliographic record and reproduced abstract. The full publisher text remains unavailable, so sample, recruitment, detailed methods, interview quotations and fieldwork dates are not verified. Present-day Malaysian product decisions require the applicable offer and documents. UAE findings are not transferred to all non-Muslim consumers.
Non-Muslim participation is expressly recognised in a Malaysian product example: the optional Bike PA Plus motorcycle endorsement states that the scheduled total benefit is the same for non-Muslims and Muslims, while Badal Hajj and Qurban components are Muslim-specific. This does not establish identical prices or universal eligibility across products. Read the actual schedule and conditions. May 2026 certificate, C200, page 27.
A Muslim reader may also care about religious requirements. A non-Muslim reader may focus on cover, cost or the cooperative structure. Neither motivation removes contractual obligations, exclusions or the need to understand the selected plan. Those are product questions; the UAE study cannot answer them for a Malaysian household.
In the selected e-Takaful Hayat wording, the operator deducts a wakalah agency fee and allocates the balance to the Participants’ Risk Fund. The pool is collectively owned and supports benefits under certificate conditions; it is not a personal savings balance. Surplus is conditional, and a nominee’s role must be checked on the form. Definitions, contribution and nomination provisions.
The disclosure sheet printed on 24 December 2025 describes family death protection, exclusions and contribution rates that can change. It is not a hospital-expense plan. For investment-linked takaful, investments support protection and other charges, and investment risk can affect long-term continuation. No historical consumer study guarantees that a chosen contribution keeps such cover sustainable. Selected disclosure · Bank Negara Malaysia, §§1.1–1.2.
The selected public Hayat certificate deducts a wakalah fee of 25% of the yearly contribution; it is taken from the contribution, rather than added a second time. One benefit-specific exclusion is accidental death caused directly or indirectly by participation in criminal or illegal acts. This is not the full exclusion list or a quotation for you. Answer application questions accurately and pay contributions when due; failure to pay can cause lapse under the certificate conditions. Obtain the applicable schedule and endorsements. Fee, accidental-death exclusions and obligations.
Fictional example: Mei Ling hears that takaful is open to non-Muslims. She asks the operator to explain the protection fund, identify all charges and show exclusions in the certificate. Her friend Aisha asks the same contract questions and considers her own religious priorities. They compare equivalent cover, not just the monthly amount or the Islamic label. This is an editorial scenario; neither person is an interviewee in Spriggs’s study.
The questions are a reading checklist, not a recommendation, eligibility assessment or individual legal or Shariah ruling.
Read the takaful research collection for historical retakaful, surplus and ownership records. The following guides provide Malaysian practical context; They do not replace this UAE source.